從扎(zha)堆建設到(dao)批量倒(dao)閉(bi)，短短幾年間，特色(se)小(xiao)鎮經歷了滄(cang)海桑(sang)田。要建設一個(ge)真正能夠積聚人(ren)氣、實(shi)現持續發(fa)展的特色(se)小(xiao)鎮從來(lai)都不是易事。對動(dong)輒數(shu)千萬(wan)甚(shen)至上億元的財政(zheng)投(tou)入感到(dao)惋惜，特色(se)小(xiao)鎮“批量倒閉”讓人覺得痛心之處還在于，如果規劃科學、建設得當，它原本可以成為產城融合、跨界融合的典范，有助于推動新型城鎮化和新農村建設。對于特色小鎮的規劃，有的方面是不能忽略的。

一(yi)、產業規(gui)劃

在國內供(gong)給側改革、產(chan)(chan)業(ye)升級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)背景下(xia)，特(te)(te)色(se)(se)(se)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鎮(zhen)將成為(wei)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)轉移(yi)與(yu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)升級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)載體。產(chan)(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃(hua)及產(chan)(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)入，是(shi)(shi)打造特(te)(te)色(se)(se)(se)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鎮(zhen)中(zhong)，不(bu)可回避(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個重(zhong)要(yao)方面。產(chan)(chan)業(ye)能(neng)否真(zhen)正導(dao)(dao)入到小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鎮(zhen)中(zhong)，可以說關系到小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成敗。特(te)(te)色(se)(se)(se)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)演進(jin)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種自組(zu)織行為(wei)，并(bing)非(fei)完全(quan)依靠人(ren)為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃(hua)。特(te)(te)色(se)(se)(se)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇須根(gen)植于(yu)資源(yuan)要(yao)素稟賦(fu)，不(bu)能(neng)脫(tuo)離區域優勢(shi)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)等(deng)核心支撐要(yao)素。重(zhong)視(shi)地域風物與(yu)長效發展(zhan)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)辯證關系是(shi)(shi)精研產(chan)(chan)業(ye)定位的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎，同時也是(shi)(shi)影響(xiang)特(te)(te)色(se)(se)(se)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鎮(zhen)營運成敗的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵。當前(qian)，大(da)部分特(te)(te)色(se)(se)(se)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鎮(zhen)文旅主導(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)色(se)(se)(se)彩(cai)過于(yu)濃(nong)厚，導(dao)(dao)致小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)服務功能(neng)有(you)余(yu)而生產(chan)(chan)功能(neng)不(bu)足，后(hou)續發展(zhan)乏力。因此，對缺(que)乏產(chan)(chan)業(ye)前(qian)景、變形走樣異化的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鎮(zhen)要(yao)堅(jian)決予(yu)以淘汰。

特色小鎮一(yi)定要(yao)有“產業特色”，并要依托各類平臺發展特色產業。特色小鎮的產業規劃應注重依托全省重大新興產業基地、現代服務業集聚區、國家農村產業融合發展示范園、省級產業集群專業鎮等平臺，聚焦本地最具特色和最具競爭力的產業，聚焦行業細分門類，錯位發展不同產業類型的特色小鎮。通過資源利用方式、產業布局模式的全方位變革，實現全鎮特色產業向更高能級邁進。

二、建設規劃

特色小鎮(zhen)建(jian)設的痛(tong)點和(he)(he)難(nan)點在于，前期投(tou)入大、回報周期長(chang)、運營難(nan)度大，因此特色小鎮(zhen)的建(jian)設需要(yao)科(ke)學制定(ding)發展(zhan)目(mu)標，合(he)理(li)確定(ding)建(jian)設規(gui)(gui)模(mo)和(he)(he)功能(neng)定(ding)位，切實(shi)(shi)提升特色小鎮(zhen)規(gui)(gui)劃的前瞻性、科(ke)學性和(he)(he)可操作性。合(he)理(li)確定(ding)生產、生活、生態(tai)空(kong)間，實(shi)(shi)現以規(gui)(gui)劃“定空間、定產業、定項目”。 特色小鎮的實際推進過程中，要在嚴守底線紅線的前提下，科學定位特色小鎮主導產業，切實增強產業核心競爭力；突出企業主體地位，推進特色小鎮市場化運作；著眼主導產業發展所需，健全公共性平臺性產業配套設施，惠及更多市場主體，做成“百年工程”的氣魄，讓一草一木、一磚一瓦彰顯特殊地域文化氣質。

三、用地規(gui)劃(hua)

作為新(xin)生產業，特(te)色(se)城鎮的土地需求不(bu)同于以(yi)往(wang)的建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)項目。就政策供給方面而言，土地政策種類繁多，整合應(ying)用(yong)(yong)空間大。但是(shi)，特(te)色(se)小鎮規劃(hua)仍(reng)然(ran)缺乏專門(men)的政策，供需難以(yi)對接(jie)。小鎮建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)應(ying)立足現有(you)產業基礎上進行(xing)改造提升，堅(jian)持集約用(yong)(yong)地，創新(xin)用(yong)(yong)地政策，建(jian)(jian)立城鎮低效用(yong)(yong)地再開(kai)發與(yu)年(nian)度(du)新(xin)增(zeng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)用(yong)(yong)地掛鉤(gou)制度(du)。

要求嚴控特(te)色小(xiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)房(fang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)產化(hua)傾向，在充(chong)分論證人口規(gui)模基礎上合(he)理(li)控制住宅(zhai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)在建設(she)(she)(she)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)中所占比重(zhong)。加(jia)大特(te)色小(xiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)力度，對小(xiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)內重(zhong)點項目(mu)優先(xian)安排建設(she)(she)(she)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)指標，依法依規(gui)組織(zhi)(zhi)配置農業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)生(sheng)態用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。要鼓(gu)(gu)勵點狀供(gong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、混合(he)供(gong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)建筑復合(he)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。鼓(gu)(gu)勵利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)增減掛鉤、低效用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、農村集體(ti)建設(she)(she)(she)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)租賃農村宅(zhai)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)等方式盤活存量建設(she)(she)(she)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資源，鼓(gu)(gu)勵通(tong)過(guo)優化(hua)新增建設(she)(she)(she)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)計劃指標分配、加(jia)快組織(zhi)(zhi)農村集體(ti)經營(ying)性(xing)建設(she)(she)(she)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)直(zhi)接入市交易等方式，合(he)理(li)滿(man)足特(te)色小(xiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)發(fa)展的用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)需(xu)求。總體(ti)而言，特(te)色小(xiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)應(ying)(ying)結合(he)項目(mu)的性(xing)質、特(te)點和(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)需(xu)求加(jia)強(qiang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)策劃，合(he)法合(he)規(gui)高效利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，以促(cu)進(jin)特(te)色小(xiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)建設(she)(she)(she)，促(cu)進(jin)全面鄉村振興(xing)。

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